Ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) results in local and/or remote organ injury. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to protect organs against I/R. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RPC) is a new, easy and convenient strategy to protect organs against I/R by inducing a prior brief period(s) of I/R to an organ remote from that undergoing sustained injury. The mechanisms may involve in regulation of humoral and/or neural factors and this strategy has been applied in clinical trials.