Tea is widely accepted as a beverage all over the world, and as the technology developed, various studies have clearly demonstrated tea polyphenols possess potent neuroprotective effect. This effect has been attributed to their potent antioxidan, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, regulating signal pathway actions, ect. This article reviews the protective effects of tea polyphenols on the function of organs from these aspects; provides theoretical basis for clinical use，fundamental research and development of tea polyphenols’ new products.