Background Postoperative peripheral neuropathies can be due to anaesthetic operation partly, but it also has close relationship with the body position of the surgery，operation procedure and so on. Objective This paper reviews literatures on the postoperative peripheral neuropathies according to nonanaesthesia factors. Content The body position, fetal head compression and the use of obstetric forceps can result in lesions of lumbosacral plexus, femoral nerve, sciatic nerve and fibula nerve. Then the symptoms such as paraesthesia and foot drop will develop. Postoperative nerve lesions beyond the operative area can also be seen in general surgery. Trend Anesthesiologists should notice many kinds of nonanaesthesia factors can cause postoperative peripheral neuropathies.