Adding regional techniques such as epidural, intrathecal, plexus and peripheral nerve blocks to general anaesthesia for major sergery and postoperative analgesia during perioperative period has become increasingly popular and is common practice in many institutions. Although some controversy regarding the strength of the available data, the regional techniques do offer more than just pain relief – induction in perioperative morbidity and mortality, cancer recurrence, chronic postoperative pain, and improved postoperative rehabilitation are all potential benefits. This review updates the research in the area, evaluates the effects on patient outcome,risks, and controversies for regional anesthesia and analgesia.