Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) is infections that occur in 30 days after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. SSIs is the main factor of increased mortality and average length of hospital stay and costs. Objective The paper reviews the study progress on the association between postoperative SSIs and anesthetic factors. Content Most of these studies support that perioperative high concentrations of inhaled oxygen and temperature protection can decrease the incidence of SSIs. Perioperative massive blood transfusion can suppress the body's immune system and increase the incidence of SSIs. The effect of supplemental intravenous crystalloid/colloid administration on the postoperative complications remains unclear. It is confirmed that perioperative tight glycemic control can decrease the incidence of SSIs. The effect of different types of anesthesia and anesthetics on the SSIs is not the same. Trend The study of association between anesthesia-related factors and postoperative SSIs can improve the perioperative management, decrease the incidence of SSIs, and reduce healthcare costs with lots of social and economic benefits.