Background N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor dependent neuronal plasticity is not only connected with learning, memory and other physiological functions, but also play an important role in pathological injury of chronic pain. Objective In this review, we briefly introduce the research progress of NMDA receptor in neuropathic pain. Content Discuss the underlying mechanisms of NMDA receptor in pain transmission pathways . Trend To provide a theoretical basis for better treatment of neuropathic pain (NP).