Background Aquaporins, a kind of high efficiency family of transmembrane water channels , participate in the water transport of kinds of tissues and organs, and they also maintain intracellular & extracellular water balance. Nowadays, it is showed that there are six aquaporins in the lung tissue, and that AQP1 and AQP5 might play an important role in the water transport of the lung tissue. Objective It is of great clinical significance to clarify the mechanisms of AQP1, 5 mediated ALI. Content This review mainly discusses the lung injury mediated by AQP1, 5. Trend With the progresses of the research ,it will develop some new clinical prevention and treatment strategys of lung diseases.