Abstract: Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of propofol on normal and inflammatory trecheal smooth muscles. Methods To choose eight healthy New Zealand white rabbit. To kill a rabbit in each test using Gas bolt. Methods each rabbit preparation eight tracheal smooth lines. According to different dealing factors article scientist-serants tracheal smooth suspension in with will tracheal smooth randomly divided into eight groups (n = 8) : group A (0umol/L), group B (300umol/L), group C (cyclodextrins - beta 10mmol/L), group D (cyclodextrins - beta 10mmol/L + propofol 300umol/L), group E (0umol/L), group F (propofol 300umol/L), group G (cyclodextrins-beta 10mmol/L), group H (cyclodextrins-beta 10mmol/L +propofol 300umol/L). E, F, G, and H four groups in the leaching tracheal smooth concentration for 50ng/mlTNF - a solution, and pass to 95 percent O2 and 5% CO2 at 4 ℃ thermostatic the freezer for 12 hours. Use Medlab biological acquisition system to records the smooth muscle tension value change at different time points. Immunohisto chemistry determination of protein expression caveolin-1. Results The tension T1-4 of group B, C, D is lower than group A (P<0.05); The tension T1-4 of group C, D is higher than group B (P<0.05); The tension T1-4 of groups F、G、H is lower than group E (P<0.05); The tension T1-4 of group G、H is higher than group F (P<0.05); The tension T1-4 of group F is lower significantly than group F (P<0.05) The caveolin-1 protein is high expression (+++) in group A、E. The caveolin-1 protein is low expression (+) in group B、F. The caveolin-1 protein is negative expression in group C、D、G、H. Conclusion The study shows that the direct relaxant effect of propofol on tracheal smooth muscle may be related to the inhibition of caveolin-1 protein expression. Key words: Propofol; Tracheal smooth muscle; Caveolin-1; inflammation; Cyclodextr