【Abstract】 Background Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) can cause peripheral insulin resistance (IR). The IR is more serious when CPB lasts longer. Currently, the studies have confirmed that IR can also exist in pancreatic islet beta(β) and alpha (α) cells. However, the studies about secretory function of islet cells during CPB are few so far. Objective To provide the basis for better control of blood glucose during CPB. Content This review will focus on the relationship of CPB and IR of islet cells. Trend Islet cells may produce their own IR, which will be paid more and more attention in blood glucose management during CPB in the future.