【Abstract】Background During severe sepsis, neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) fail to migrate to the infection sites and restrict the growth and dissemination of pathogens. Objective To investigate the underlying mechanisms of neutrophil impairment during severe sepsis, and improve the survival rate of septic patients. Content The related mechanisms of neutrophil impairment are discussed from these aspects of gaseous molecules, chemokines, cell surface and nuclear receptors. Trend With further researches in neutrophil dysfunction, there will be some new therapeutic measures which can be used to prevent the failure of neutrophil migration during severe sepsis.