【Abstract】 Backgroung Onconsis and apoptosis may occur in mycardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Onconsis is a special model of non-apoptotic cell death, it is characterized by cell swelling, blistering, organelles swelling, cell membrane permeability and caryolysis. Objective Making clear the role of oncosis occurs in myocardial ischemia /reperfusion, may help us understand the myocardial protection research. Content The article reviewed the role of oncosis in the biological characteristics mechanism and in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Trend Through the myocardial cell oncosis of understanding and research, it has the potential to bring new breakthrough in myocardial protection.