【Abstract】Background Dexmedetomidine is a potent and highly selective α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist，it provides dose—dependent sedation，analgesia，anxiolysis and sympatholysis .It doesn’t increase the intracranial pressure. Dexmedetomidine can provide good perioperative haemodynamic stability with decreased intraoperative anesthetics reqirements,especial the opiates. Dexmedetomidine has displayed neuroprotective properties in a variety of in vitro and in vivo laboratory studies.Purpose The aim of this review was to outline the advances of its use in neurosurgery clinical anesthesia and provide practical guidance for clinnical anesthetists.Trend As a new anesthetic adjuvant,the clinical application of dexmedetomidine in neurosurgery anesthesia is quite promising.