Background Postbypass acute lung injury in patients underg on-pump pediatric congenital heart surgery is associated with cardiopulmonary bypass, which is a majorcomplication and cause of mortality. Objective Postbypass lung injury can lead to prolonged recover time, and increase morbidity. Some lung protective ventilation strategies can be applied during and after bypass. It may improve postbypass respiratory function. Content The mechanism of lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass and lung protective ventilation strategies are widely studied in adult. But it is relatively scant in children and infants. Trend In order to decrease lung injury and improve prognosis after operation, lung protective ventilation strategies during and after cardiopulmonary should be further studied.