Background Hydrogen sulfide has long been regarded as a noxious gas, in recent years，many studies show that endogenous H2S as a newly discovered gaseous signal molecule, has important biological activity, in the multiple systems with complex physiological and pathological significance. Objective This review discusses/examines the relation between the physiology and pathology effect of gaseous signal molecules hydrogen sulfide and diseases and provides a detailed description of the Hydrogen sulfide research processes. Content Hydrogen sulfide not only on the general system of ischemic diseases have therapeutic effects, for neuropathic and inflammatory pain two-way regulatory role is more closely, the mechanism might be related to that it is endogenous vascular smooth muscle KATP channel openers and it has an antioxidant effects. Trend H2S these new uses to explore clinical diseases associated with the effective method of treatment is of great significance, but further work is required to focus on the precise mechanism of action of H2S on pain.