Background Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the commonest major complications of blood transfusion and is well known within the circles of transfusion medicine, haematology and intensive care units. Because it’s originated rapid, serious and less effective therapeutic target, TRALI is the leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, TRALI is less recognized by clinical staff during the perioperative period. Objective　Raising more concerns and taking some positive preventive measures will contribute to reduce the morbidity and mortality of TRALI. Content　Reviewing the recent new literatures, this article will make a summarize according to the definition, pathogenesis and prevention of TRALI. Trend　It is important to explore the precise pathogenesis and to innovate preventive or therapeutic measures for treatment of TRALI in the future.