Objective: To observe alleviation side effect of post-anesthesia recovery in patients with esophageal surgery by continuous infusion of different doses of dexmedetomidine. Methods: Totally 60 patients with esophageal cancer surgery were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine three groups,20 patients in each group.Before induction of anesthesia, 0.8 ug / kg of dexmedetomidine were pumped into patients of group D, then 0.4 ug•kg-1•h-1 of dexmedetomidine were continued infusion to the end of surgery in group D1 ; 0.2 ug•kg-1•h-1 of dexmedetomidine were continued infusion to the end of surgery in group D2; patients of group C were continued infusion saline as controls. MAP and HR were recorded at just in the recovery room(T0), extubation time(T1) and five minutes after extubation(T2) .The recovery time ，agitation score and Ramsay score were recorded, the Urapidil injection 25mg or the esmolol injection 20mg were given while blood pressure> 180/100mmHg or heart rate> 110bpm. Results: the recovery time of group D1（30.3±4.7min） was significantly higher than group D2 and group C (P <0.05), group D2 and group C were not difference (P > 0.05); MAP and HR of group D1 and group D2 at extubation were significantly higher than the recovery room; MAP and HR in group C at T2 （117±12mmHg , 107±8bpm ）and T3(108±9mmHg,118±11bpm) were significantly increased compared with the recovery room (P < 0.05); MAP and HR in group D1(88±8 mmHg,79±5bpm )and group D2(93±8mmHg,81±6bpm) at T2 were significantly descreased compared with group C;the dosage of urapidil and esmolol in group C were significantly increased compared with group D; agitation score of group C(2.9±0.4) significantly higher than group D1(1.2±0.8) and group D2(1.4±0.6) (P <0.05); the sedation score of group C(1.1±0.5) significantly lower than group D1 (4.5±1.2)and group D2(4.0±0.7)(P <0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine able to alleviat the side effect of patients in post-anesthesia recovery ,0.2 ug•kg-1•h-1of dexmedetomidine will not affect the recovery time and can inhibit postoperative agitation, reduce the adverse effects of the anesthesia recovery period.