【Abstract】 Background As the ageing of the population，the number of patients with fragile pulmonary function underwent operation an anesthesia increase everyyear.Now Clinical doctors pay more and more attention on the perioperative pulmonary function protection.Purpose To learn factors affect pulmonaryfunction and methos protecting pulmonary function. Content This article reviews factors affect pulmonaryfunction and corresponding methos protecting pulmonary function. Trend There are potential factors affecting pulmonary function during the perioperative period，perioperative protection of pulmonary function，prevention and treatment of postoperative pulmonary complications is very important，which can promote fast recovery of patients .