Background：Acute kidney injury(AKI) was one of the most adverse events after cardiac surgery with reported incidence of more than 30%，which resulted in increased mortality. Aspirin was regularly used for therapy and prophylaxis at patients with cardiovascular diseases. Objective：This review aims to present a general report of recent studies about benefits of aspirin on renal function after cardiac surgery and its possible mechanisms. Content: Recent retrospective clinical investigations and randomised controlled trails indicated that aspirin significantly decreased morbidity including acute kidney injury (acute renal injury/disfunction), in-hospital mortality, accepted dialysis and improved outcomes after cardiac surgery. Trend: The protective mechanisms for renal protection by preoperative administration of aspirin still need further investigation, of which maintaining renal blood perfusion and reducing inflammatory reaction may be responsible.