Objective: To study the effect of the treatment of diseases of nervous system with stem cells, involving the types of disease, age range, the types of stem cells, the ways of transplantion and follow-up of cases. While to discus the alternative-treatment with stem cells for diseases of the nervous system is hope or hype? with specific figures. Methods:We searched the related publications from wanfangdata, deadlining 2012-05-31 , with words of “Stem cells , Brain ,Therapy ,Clinical,Patients AND title: stem cell, example AND keyword: stem cell ,brain AND abstract: stem cells ,brain, therapy,clinical,patients” ,while with words of “Stem cells , Nerve ,Therapy ,Clinical,Patients AND title: stem celEl, example AND keyword: stem cell , nerve AND abstract: stem cells , nerve, therapy,clinical,patients”.156 and 234 papers were found relevant respectively,but only 69 of them value.Results:①There were 2259 patients , the types of disease involving Spinal cord lesions, Cerebral vascular disease, Motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease,e.l;②Ranging in age from 0.5 to 78 years,with male 1477 and female 782;③The majority of the cell types were from bone marrow and umbilical cord sources;④With being lack of uniform standard,it is difficultied to calculate the efficiency and improved rate,e.l,but the treatment was effective in different degrees with few side effects ;⑤The follow-up time is different form 1 week to 37 months. Conclusion: The alternative-treatment with stem cells for diseases of the nervous system has already been in clinical application stage.But these studies were single site, small sample size and non-random.While it is difficultied to establish the uniform standard of the types of stem cells, the ways of transplantion,e.l.Therefore we need more studies which are multicenter, parallel randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled with more patients and long-term follow-up.