【Abstract】Background Dexmedetomidine（DEX）is a highly selectiveα2 –adrenergic agonist ,which is characterized by an easy arousal and minimal respiratory depression as well as the good sedative. Dexmedetomidine is used to sedation for critically ill patients. Recent studies indicate that dexmedetomidine can produce protective effects for many organs.Objective This review focused on the researches in organ protection of DEX ,offering reference for clinical practice.Content This review manily discusses protective effects of DEX in lung、 kindery、 cardia、 liver、 brain and its possible mechanisms.Trend With the progresses of the research,it will develop some new clinical prevention and treatment strategys of multiple organ dysfunction．