Objective To observe the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) in adolescent Scoliosis patients. Methods Fifty-two patients whose ASA grades were between I and II, ages ranged from eleven to eighteen, undergoing elective posterior scoliosis orthopedic surgery were enrolled. Patients were assigned into POCD and NONPOCD group according to their performances of neuropsychological tests. The tests were as follows: Mini Mental State Examination, Visual Verbal Learning Test, Stroop Color Word Test, Digit Span Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Test. Cognitive function was assessed respectively on one day before surgery and seventh day after surgery. Age, sex, years of education, past medical history, VAS score on the first and third day after surgery and postoperative complications were recorded.Then conducted statistical analysis of the data. Results One patient was excluded because his preoperative MMSE score was 21, other Fifty-one patients finished the tests. According to the diagnostic criteria, Fifteen patients developed POCD (29.4%).After calculation, we found that many patients showed decline in the performance of Visual Verbal Learning Test and Stroop color naming Test, occupied 29.4% and 23.5% of the total number respectively, in addition, more than fifty percent of the patients belonged to the group of POCD also showed decline in these two tests. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant difference between POCD and NONPOCD group on intraoperative loss and infusion volume of fluids, length of stay in the PACU, extubation time or duration of surgery (P>0.05). The VAS score of all patient at 1 day before surgery was 0 ,and at 1,3 day after surgery this score was 4±2, 2±1,respectively,after statistical analysis there was significant difference inside group (P<0.05), but no difference between the two groups. Conclusion The incidence of POCD is 29.4% on the seventh day after scoliosis orthopedic surgery, enough attention should be attracted.