Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a common complication in clinical, it can lead to renal and extrarenal organs injury, and even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome（MODS）. The lung, as an organ with large microcapillary network, is highly susceptible to injury caused by RIRI. Objective: To review and summarize the mechanism of lung injury induced by renal I/R and the methods of pulmonary protection. Content: This review mainly summarizes the cellular basic construction and the mechanism of lung injury induced by RIRI, and the methods of pulmonary protection. Trend: It is significantly and necessarily to explore the pathophysiological process and more better curative methods to reduce the mortality.