国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2014, Issue (6): 12-12
    
连续腰麻对老年髋关节手术血流动力学的影响
苏帆1()
1.山东中医药大学附属医院
Effects of continuous spinal anesthesia(CSA) on hemodynamics in old patients undergoing hip joint surgery
 全文:
摘要:

【摘要】 目的 观察经Spinocath导管行连续腰麻(continuous spinal anesthesia, CSA)用于老年患者行髋关节置换术时对血流动力学变化的影响。 方法 60例髋关节置换术老年患者,年龄65岁~95岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,完全随机设计分组方法分为观察组(CSA组)和腰硬联合(combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, CSEA)对照组(CSEA组),每组30例。两组均选择L2~3间隙穿刺,CSA组负荷剂量为0.75%罗哌卡因0.5 ml~1.0 ml,CSEA组注入0.75%罗哌卡因1.0 ml~2.0 ml,CSEA组硬膜外头向置管3 cm~4 cm,CSA组蛛网膜下腔置入Spinocath导管2 cm~3 cm,两组均采用Bioz.com数字化无创血流动力监测系统(impedance cardiogram, ICG)观察记录两组麻醉前和麻醉后5、10、15、30 min、1 h及术毕的心排血量(cardiac output, CO)、平均动脉压(mean artery perssure, MAP)、外周血管阻力(systemic vascular resistance, SVR)、心脏加速度指数(acceleration index, ACI)以及胸腔液体量(thoracic fluid content, TFC)等,记录两组麻醉效果及副作用。 结果 阻滞平面达T10时CSA组局麻药用量(1.1 ml)明显少于CSEA组(1.7 ml)(P<0.05);CSEA组阻滞平面达T10时间(5.6 min)明显短于CSA组(9.6 min)(P<0.05);CSEA组达最高阻滞平面的时间(14.7 min)和下肢运动完全阻滞的时间(5.1 min)也明显短于CSA组(18.4、9.8 min)(P<0.05);两组在麻醉后5、10、20 min血流动力学指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CSA组麻黄素应用(2例)显著少于CSEA组(P<0.01)。 结论 CSA与CSEA麻醉比较,局麻药用量小,血流动力学稳定,麻醉效果可靠,尤适用于老年髋关节手术。

关键词: 连续腰麻;髋关节手术;老年患者;无创血流动力学
Abstract:

【Abstract】 Objective To compare the anesthesic effect and hemodynamic changes between the continuous spinal anesthesia(CSA) and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) with ropivacaine in patients for hip joint surgery. Methods Sixty ASA classⅠ-Ⅲ patients aged 65 to 95 years, undergoing hip joint operation including replacements of total hip and artificial thigh bone were randomly divided into CSA group and CSEA group(n=30). Spinal anesthesia was performed at L2-3 interspace. An initial subarachnoid bolus of 0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine 0.5 ml-1.0 ml was injected in the CSA group, if analgesia did not reach T10, supplemental ropivacaine was injected by titrating incremental doses. In the CSEA group, 0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine 1 ml-2 ml was injected to the subarachnoid space at L2-3, and then a catheter was inserted into the epidual space for anesthesia maintenanc. The levels and times of sensory and motor block were measured and analysed. cardiac output(CO), mean artery perssure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance(SVR), acceleration index(ACI) and thoracic fluid content(TFC) were recorded with noninvasive hemodynamics monitor. Results The anesthetic dosage of the CSA group (1.1 ml) was smaller than that of the CSEA group (1.7 ml)(P<0.05). The times of sensory block to T10 (5.6 min) or the maximal level (14.7 min) and motor block (5.1 min) were more rapid in the CSEA group than those of the CSA group (9.6, 18.4, 9.8 min)(P<0.05). There were no significantly difference of MAP in the CSA group after anesthesia. There were all significantly differences in 5, 10 min and 20 min after anesthesia between the two groups(P<0.05, P<0.01). The dosage of ephedrine in the CSA group was significantly fewer than that in the CSEA group(P<0.01). Conclusions Compared to CSEA, CSA is a safe technique of spinal anesthesia with small anesthetic dosages,more reliable and hemodynamically stable and more controllability in patients for hip joint operation.

Key words: continuous spinal anesthesia; operation on hip joint; elderly patient; hemodynamics