Background　Opioid is one of the most common drugs being used in cancer pain or chronic non-cancer pain.Opioid-induced hyperalgesia（OIH）， one of opioid side effects， is increasing nowadays. 　Objective　Discussion on the possible patterns of manifestation and mechanism of OIH on animals or human. To find effective ways to preventing and treating OIH. To improve the outcomes of chromic pain management.　 Content　A large amount of animal or clinical researches had demonstrated the possible manifestation of OIH. The mechanisms of OIH are related to increasing activity of adenylate cyclase，up-regulation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1（TRPV1） channel's expression and increasing number of endogenous neuropeptides. Many researchers put forward different ways to preventing and treating OIH.　Trend　It is needed for further study of the mechanisms and treatments of OIH.