Background　Mitochondrial as a crucial organelle provides adenosine triphosphate （ATP） for cell growth and metabolism. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） defines as the opening pores located between the mitochondrial inner and outer membrane that allows free diffusion of all solutes <1.5 kD. The effect of mPTP in brain ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury has become a focal point. It plays a key role in mitochondrial membrane potential （ΔΨm）， mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and release of triggers of cell death.　Objective　To review the possible mechanism and treatment methods about mPTP in I/R injury.　Content　This article based on series studies to explain the relationship， potential mechanism and therapy about mPTP in I/R injury.　Trend　mPTP will be one of key therapy targets in the I/R injury as its mechanism constantly being revealed.