Background The bispectral index used brain encephalographic data to measure the depth of sedation during anesthetic procedures. The link between BIS monitoring and postoperative outcomes was gaining more attention from domestic and overseas scholars. Purpose This review mainly summarized the advancement of the link between BIS monitoring and postoperative outcomes. Content Discussed the link between BIS monitoring and postoperative mortality, anesthesia awareness, postoperative cognitive dysfunction and postoperative delirium. Trend Bispectral index monitoring could predict postoperative outcomes. It would provide a new insight into improving postoperative outcomes.