Background　Hypoxemia is one of the most common complications and the most important challenge during one lung ventilation（OLV）.　Objective　Recent studies have shown that OLV can cause severe hypoxemia and acute lung injury （ALI）. How to implement OLV strategy to reduce pulmonary shunt fraction（Qs/Qt） and prevent hypoxemia has always been a research hot spot.　Content　The strategy used to improve oxygenation involve increased inspired oxygen fraction（FiO2）， control ventilation modes， high frequency ventilation （HFV）， tidal volume（Vt）， inverse ratio ventilation， partial liquid ventilation（PLV）， continuous positive airway pressure（CPAP）， positive end-expiratory pressure（PEEP） and combined multiple protective ventilation strategies.　Trend　The combined ventilation strategy can prevent hypoxemia during OLV. But mechanical ventilation modes should be set on the basis of patient's condition and operation.