Background　The intestinal ischemia/reperfusion（I/R） injury is one of the most common organ damages in surgical practice， it plays an important role in the developing of pathophysiology about serious infection， wound， shock， cardiorespiratory functional dysfunction.　Objective　This review summarizes the advances in mechanism of the intestinal I/R injury and protective strategies against the injury in order to provide guidance for the future clinic practice.　Content　Discuss the relative progress about the mechanisms （oxygen free radical， energy deficiency，intracellular Ca2+ overload， inflammatory response， abnormal cell apoptosis） and the protective measures of intestinal I/R damage.　Trend　The intestinal I/R injury is caused by the complex causes. The comprehensive measures may prevent intestinal I/R injury.