Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To investigate the effects of huperzine A（Hup A） preconditioning on cognitive function in elderly rats after sevoflurane anesthesia.　Methods　Twenty-four SD rats aged 22 months were randomly divided into 2 groups（n=12）： control group（group C）， Hup A group（group H）. The group H was given oral gavage 0.15 mg/kg Hup A with 0.01 ml/g weight， group C was given oral gavage distilled water. Group C and group H exposed to 3% sevoflurane in oxygen（2.5 L/min） and nitrogen（6 L/min） 100 min/d for 5 consecutive days respectively. Cognitive function was detected using Moms water-maze and Open-field test. The escape latency， the number of cross the platform location， the number of cross-grid， the number of uptight and the number of central cell residence time were recorded.　Results　Compared with group C， the escape latency was shortened and the number of cross the platform location（2.3±0.8） was increased in group H， the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The number of cross-grid（66±18） increased significantly and the number of uptight（8.2±2.1） were increased significantly and the number of central cell residence time［（15±4） s］ was prolonged in groups H than in group C， the differences were significant（P<0.05）.　Conclusions　Huperzine A preconditioning can improve the cognitive function in elderly rats after sevoflurane anesthesia.