Background　The central inflammatory response plays an important role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction （POCD）. The disruption of blood brain barrier （BBB） play a key role in central inflammation after the peripheral surgical trauma. The inflammatory cytokines disrupt the integrity of BBB through a variety of pathway， thus causing and expanding the central inflammatory， affecting learning and cognitive abilities.　Objective　To investigate the role of BBB in central inflammation after the peripheral surgical trauma and the relationship with cognitive function.　Content　Reviewed mainly from three aspects： the relationship of central inflammation with POCD， the role of BBB in central inflammation induced by peripheral inflammation， the participants that involved in the change of BBB permeability.　Trend　The central inflammatory response plays an important role in POCD. BBB play a key role in central inflammation induced by peripheral operation But the pathological change of BBB， and its exactly relationship with central inflammation are still unclear.