国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2015, Issue (12): 10-10
    
不同剂量布比卡因用于非洲黑人妊高征产妇剖宫产的临床观察
邵新峰1()
1.河北省保定市第一中心医院
Clinical observation on different doses of isobaric bupivacaine for caesarean delivery in black african maternals with pregnancy-induced hypertension
 全文:
摘要:

目的:观察不同剂量等比重布比卡因联合芬太尼腰硬联合麻醉(combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,CSE)在合并妊高征的非洲黑人产妇剖宫产手术的临床效果,探讨合适的局麻药剂量。方法:选择合并轻重度先兆子痫黑人产妇75例,ASAⅡ级~Ⅲ级,按0.5%等比重布比卡因剂量随机分为三组,每组25例,A组8 mg,B组10 mg,C组12 mg。记录腰麻(spinal anaesthesia,SA)前5 min、腰麻后5、10、15、30 min的心率(heart rate, HR)、收缩压(systolic pressure, SBP)、舒张压(diastolic pressure, DBP)和脉搏血氧饱和度(saturation of pulse oximetry, SpO2)。观察产妇的麻醉效果、感觉阻滞平面、低血压和恶心呕吐发生率、硬膜外用药、麻黄素用量及新生儿Apgar评分。结果:三组产妇在腰麻后5 min SBP 和DBP显著下降达最低值,与A[SBP(141.74±11.82 ) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),DBP(95.77±11.28) mm Hg]、B[SBP(139.32±12.26) mm Hg,DBP(94.74±11.89 ) mm Hg]两组相比C组[SBP(125.25±15.76) mm Hg,DBP(87.75±12.21) mm Hg]血压下降显著(P<0.05);腰麻后感觉阻滞平面达胸6(T6)的例数B(23)、C(24)组多于A组(17) (P<0.05),达胸4(T2)例数C组(13)多于A(2)、B(3)组(P<0.05);麻醉效果B组(优88%)、C组(优100%)优于A组(优64%)(P<0.05);低血压发生率C组(88%)组高于A(24%)、B(32%)组(P<0.05);恶心呕吐发生率C组(15%)高于A(6%)、B(7%)组 (P<0.05);麻黄素用量C组[(53.48±10.87)mg]多于A[(10.20±4.58)mg]、B[(14.37±5.40)mg]组(P<0.05); A组(9)硬膜外用药例数明显多于B(1)、C(0)组(P<0.05)。结论:CSE用于合并妊高征的黑人产妇剖宫产手术,0.5%等比重布比卡因10 mg联合芬太尼20 µg能提供良好的麻醉效果,而且降低并发症的发生率,是合适的局麻药剂量。

关键词: 等比重;布比卡因;腰硬联合麻醉;妊高征;黑人产妇
Abstract:

Objective to observe the clinical effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in different doses of isobaric bupivacaine combined with fentanly for caesarean delivery in black african maternal with pregnancy-induced hypertension and explore the optimal dosage of local anesthetic. Methods 75 black maternals with mild or severe preeclampsia, ASA (Ⅱ~Ⅲ) grade, who were scheduled for caesarean delivery, were completely randomized into three groups (25 in each group) according to different doses of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine: group A(8 mg), group B(10 mg) and group C(12 mg). The heart rates, systolic pressures, diastolic pressures and saturation of pulse oximetry at the timepoints of 5 min before spinal anaesthesia and post-spinal anaesthesia (5, 10, 15, 30 min) were respectively recorded. The anesthetic effects, sensory blocked level, side effects such as hypotension and nausea as well as vomiting, administration of anesthetic in epidural space, dosage of ephedrine, Apgar score of neonate at 1 and 5 minute were also recorded. Results After spinal anaesthesia,the SBP and DBP decreased significantly and reached a nadir within 5 minutes in three groups, the blood pressure in group C decreased more significantly than group A and B(A:SBP[141.74±11.82] mmHg, DBP[95.77±11.28] mmHg, B:SBP[139.32±12.26] mmHg,DBP[94.74±11.89] mm Hg, C: SBP[125.25±15.76] mmHg,DBP[87.75±12.21] mmHg, P<0.05); the cases of sensory blocked level in T6 were more in group B and C than group A(A:17 cases, B:23 cases C:24 cases, P<0.05) and the cases of sensory blocked level in T4 were the most in group C(A:2 cases, B:3 cases C:13 cases, P<0.05); the anesthetic effects was better in group B and C than group A(A:64 percent excellence, B:88 percent excellence, C: 100 percent excellence, P<0.05); the incidence of hypotension(A:24 percent, B:32 percent, C: 88 percent) and nausea as well as vomiting(A:6 percent, B:7 percent, C: 15 percent) and were highest in group C(P<0.05); in group C more ephedrine was used compared to other two groups [A: (10.20±4.58)mg, B:(14.37±5.40)mg, C:(53.48±10.87)mg, P<0.05 ]; cases of anesthetics administrated in epidural space was more in group A than group B and C(A:9 cases, B:1 case C:0 case, P<0.05). Conclutions For caesarean delivery in black african maternals with pregnancy-induced hypertension, CSE with 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine 10 mg plus fentanly 20 µg intrathecally provided better anesthetic effect with less side reactions, it was the appropriate dosage of local anesthetic.

Key words: isobaric; bupivacaine; combined spinal-epidural anesthesia; pregnancy-induced hypertension; black maternal