国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2015, Issue (6): 6-6
    
手术期间采用地佐辛辅助镇痛双向调节妇科手术患者全身麻醉苏醒质量
吴品, 鲁显福, 方卫平, 李元海, 顾尔伟1()
1.安徽医科大学第一附属医院麻醉科
Perioperative adjuvant dezocine bidirectionally regulates awakening quality of general anesthesia in gynecological surgery
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摘要:

目的 考察手术期间不同时间点给予地佐辛辅助镇痛对妇科手术患者全身麻醉苏醒质量的影响。 方法 择期妇科手术患者90例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为3组:A组,手术开始前10 min静脉注射地佐辛0.1 mg/kg;B组,手术结束前30 min静脉注射地佐辛0.1 mg/kg;C组,对照组,在同等时间静脉注射等量生理盐水。麻醉诱导:咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg,依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg,舒芬太尼0.5 μg/kg,维库溴铵闭环输注0.1 mg/kg诱导。采用统一标准的精确化麻醉管理,丙泊酚靶控输注2.0 mg/L~2.5 mg/L,脑电双频指数(bispectral index, BIS)监测维持在40~50,气体浓度监测七氟醚0.3最低肺泡有效浓度(minimal alveolar concentration, MAC)~0.5 MAC吸入,维库溴铵闭环输注维持肌松(增药条件:T1>7%),舒芬太尼持续泵注0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1(术前0.5 h停药),手术结束,BIS>60,T1>90%,送麻醉后监测治疗室(post-anesthesia care unit, PACU),观察PACU期间苏醒质量[PACU驻留时间、拔管时间、清醒时间、视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale, VAS)、有无相关并发症]。术后1、2、6、24 h随访,记录患者疼痛VAS评分,观察有无恶心、呕吐等阿片类药物相关副作用及患者总体满意度。 结果 3组患者年龄、体重指数、手术时间、麻醉时间、拔管时间、PACU驻留时间、丙泊酚用量差异均无统计学意义。3组患者清醒时间比较:A组(12±2) min,B组(8±1) min,C组(13±3) min,B组较A组、C组苏醒迅速(P<0.05),A组、C组间比较差异无统计学意义。拔管后呼吸抑制的发生率比较:A组3/30(10%),B组0/30(0),C组0/30(0),A组较B组、C组呼吸抑制发生明显增多(P<0.05),B组、C组间比较差异无统计学意义。术后2 h VAS评分:A组(0.50±0.73) 分,B组(0.33±0.48) 分,C组(1.36±0.72) 分,A组、B组明显优于C组(P<0.05),A组、B组之间差异无统计学意义。术后谵妄发生率比较:A组0例,B组0例,C组2/30(6.7%),A组、B组优于C组(P<0.05)。术后恶心发生率比较:A组5/30 (16.7%),B组4/30 (13.3%),C组9/30(30%),A组、B组优于C组(P<0.05)。术后呕吐发生率比较:A组1/30 (3.3%),B组2/30 (6.7%),C组4/30(13.3%),A组、B组优于C组(P<0.05)。3组患者血流动力学均平稳。 结论 手术结束前30 min单次静脉注射地佐辛(0.1 mg/kg)可有效改善患者术后苏醒质量,增强舒芬太尼的镇痛效果,减少恶心、呕吐等阿片类药物相关的副作用。手术开始前10 min静脉注射地佐辛0.1 mg/kg可能增加患者PACU驻留期呼吸抑制不良事件的发生。

关键词: 地佐辛; 阿片受体激动-拮抗剂; 辅助镇痛药; 苏醒质量
Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the awakening quality of general anesthesia treated with adjuvant analgesics dezocine at different time point in gynecological surgery. Methods Ninety patients undergoing gynecologic surgery, ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ, were randomly devided into three groups(n=30): group A was to be given intravenous dezocine 0.1 mg/kg 10 min before gynecological operation. Group B was injected 0.1 mg/kg dezocine 30 min before the end of surgery, and group C was injected equal volume of 0.9% saline as placebo. Anesthesia management: for anesthesia induction, 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, 0.3 mg/kg etomidate, 0.5 μg/kg sufentanil, and 0.1 mg/kg of close loop induced vecuronium. Unified accurate anesthesia management during perioperative period, propofol target controlled infusion as 2.0 mg/L-2.5 mg/L with the bispectral index(BIS) monitoring at 40-50, sevoflurane inhalation monitoring at 0.3 minimal alveolar concentration(MAC)-0.5 MAC, vecuronium closed-loop infusion to maintain muscle relaxant (added conditions: T1>7%), 0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1 of sufentanil continuous pump which was stopped at 30 min before the end of surgery. At the end of the operation, BIS>60, T1>90% patients were moved to post?蛳anesthesia care unit(PACU). Related indicators during the PACU were observed [dwell time, extubation time, waking hours, visual analog scale(VAS), associated complications]. At 1, 2, 6, 24 h after surgery, Patients' pain VAS score were assessed and the opioids related adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, aeration time and the patients' overall satisfaction were recorded. Results Patients' age, body mass index(BMI), the operative time, anesthesia time, the extubation time and PACU dwell time hadn't statistical difference among three groups. The awakening quality of general anesthesia dwelling in the PACU in group B is better than that in group A and group C. The awaking-time of group B (7.7±1.4) min is significantly shorter than that in group A(12.6±2.3) min and group C(13.4±2.5) min(P<0.05). The incidence of respiratory depression after extubation were significantly higher in group A(3/30, 10%) than in group B (0/30, 0%) or group C (0/30, 0%) (P<0.05). The pain VAS score at 2 h of postoperative was as following: group A (0.50±0.73), group B(0.33±0.48), group C(1.36±0.72), that in group A and group B are better than in group C(P<0.05), no statistical difference between group A and B. There are 2 patients with delirium in group C (2/30, 6.7%), compared with no delirium in group A (0/30) and group B (0/30) (P<0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting in group A and group B are better than group C(P<0.05). All patients showed stable cardiovascular status. Conclusions The results demonstrate that intravenous dezocine 0.1 mg/kg 30 min before the end of surgery is effective in improving the awakening quality of patients with general anesthesia and suppressing the related side-effects. However, dezocine 0.1 mg/kg infused 10 min before gynecological operation may increase the respiratory depression incidents in PACU.

Key words: Dezocine; Opioid receptor partial agonist-antagonist; Adjuvant analgesics; Awakening quality