国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2015, Issue (8): 0-0
    
舒芬太尼对剖宫产术左旋布比卡因或罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞半数有效量的影响
杨飞, 韩超, 张民, 黄怡, 王强1()
1.陕西省咸阳市泾阳县医院
Effect of sufentanil on median effective dose of levobupivacaine or ropivacaine under spinal blockade for caesarean section
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摘要:

目的 评估椎管内注射舒芬太尼3.0 μg是否会影响左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔麻醉在剖宫产时的局部麻醉药半数有效量(median effective dose, ED50),并判断其是否能增强蛛网膜下腔阻滞的效果。 方法 择期行剖宫产手术的孕妇100例,按随机数字表法分为4组(每组25例):左旋布比卡因组(L组)、左旋布比卡因+舒芬太尼组(L+S组)、罗哌卡因组(R组)、罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼组(R+S组)。左旋布比卡因、罗哌卡因的初始剂量为10 mg,L+S组和R+S组配伍舒芬太尼3.0 μg,用生理盐水稀释至3 ml。在手术关键步骤对受试者进行疼痛评估。初始剂量对上一个受试者是否有效,决定了是否分别对同组的下一个患者将同一种药物减少或增量0.5 mg。记录感觉功能阻滞起效等时间以及术中低血压等副作用。 结果 L+S组ED50为3.998 mg[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):2.527~4.548],显著小于L组9.341 mg(95%CI:7.260~10.124)(P<0.05);同样R+S组ED50为5.351 mg(95%CI:3.758~6.124),也明显小于R组10.602 mg(95%CI:9.144~14.045)(P<0.05)。感觉阻滞达到T5的起效时间随舒芬太尼的加入显著缩短[(L组(21.5±2.8) min比L+S组(9.9±2.0) min;R组(22.7±2.8) min比R+S组(11.0±1.9) min](P<0.05)。同时, L+S组和R+S组低血压发生率均为20%,显著低于L组(48%)与R组(56%)(P<0.05)。 结论 左旋布比卡因或罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞复合舒芬太尼,可降低局部麻醉药ED50值,增强蛛网膜下腔麻醉效果,降低低血压的发生率。

关键词: 剖宫产术;椎管内麻醉;左旋布比卡因;罗哌卡因; 半数有效量; 舒芬太尼
Abstract:

Objective To evaluate whether the addition of sufentanil 3.0 μg could affect the median effective dose(ED50) of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for a caesarean section and enhance the spinal block characteristics. Methods One hundred pregnant women were randomly divided into four groups(n=25): levobupivacaine group (group L), levobupivacaine with sufentanil group (group L+S), ropivacaine group (group R) and ropivacaine with sufentanil group (group R+S). The initial dose of local anesthetics of 4 groups was 10 mg. The dose of sufentanil in L+S and R+S group was 3.0 μg, and diluted to 3 ml. with saline. The patients achieved a visual analogue pain score while key steps in operation. Effective or ineffective response to the dose determined whether the same drug would be reduced or increased 0.5 mg for the next patient in the same group. At the same time, it was recorded that the effect of sensory function block and the side effects such as hypotension during operation. Results The ED50 was 9.341 mg [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.260-10.124] in group L, 3.998 mg (95%CI: 2.527-4.548) in group L+S(P<0.05). 10.602 mg (95%CI: 9.144-14.045) in group R and 5.351 mg (95%CI: 3.758-6.124) in group R+S(P<0.05). The effective time of sensory blockade to T5 with the addition of sufentanil shortened significantly [group L(21.5±2.8) min vs group L+S(9.9±2.0) min. Group R (22.7±2.8) min vs group R+S (11.0±1.9) min](P<0.05). Meanwhile, incidence of hypotension in group R+S and group L+S were both 20%, and significantly lower than group L (48%) and group R (56%)(P<0.05). Conclusions Addition of sufentanil reduced the ED50 of spinal anesthesia with levobupivacaine or ropivacaine, enhanced the effect of spinal anaesthesia, and decreased the incidence of hypotension during surgery.

Key words: Caesarean section; Spinal anesthesia; Levobupivacaine; Ropivacaine; Median effective dose; Sufentanil