国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2015, Issue (8): 0-0
    
小儿颅脑手术术毕前输注右美托咪定的安全性探讨
马佳佳, 岳红丽, 王纲, 韩如泉, 赵岩1()
1.首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院
Safety of dexmedetomidine infusion before the end of surgery in children undergoing craniotomy
 全文:
摘要:

目的 探讨小儿颅脑手术术毕前输注右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine, Dex)的安全性。 方法 选取择期行颅脑手术的患儿60例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,年龄3岁~14岁,采用随机数字表法分为Dex组(D组)和生理盐水组(C组),每组30例。D组患者手术结束前1 h开始输注Dex,负荷量0.5 μg/kg于15 min输注完毕,然后以0.6 μg·kg-1·h-1维持至手术结束;C组患者输注生理盐水。记录输注Dex前后和拔管期的心率(heart rate, HR)、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure, MAP)、循环系统并发症以及血管活性药使用情况,停药后呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间以及拔管时间,到达麻醉后恢复室1 h内的低氧血症、呼吸道梗阻、屏气、恶心呕吐的发生率。 结果 D组HR在拔管后1、3、5 min分别为[(95±17)、(91±18)、(87±16) 次/min],均明显低于C组[(118±19)、(105±18)、(98±16) 次/min](P<0.01);D组MAP在拔管后1、3、5 min分别为[(78±14)、(76±16)、(72±15) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)],均明显低于C组[(94±16)、(89±15)、(82±14) mmHg](P<0.01);D组拔管后的气道梗阻发生率较低(0 比18%,P<0.05),屏气发生率较低(0 比50%,P<0.01)。 结论 小儿颅脑手术术毕前输注Dex不仅安全,并且使拔管期呼吸恢复和血流动力学更加平稳。

关键词: 右美托咪定; 小儿; 颅脑手术; 安全性
Abstract:

Objective To assess the safety of dexmedetomidine(Dex) infusion before the end of surgery in children undergoing craniotomy. Methods Sixty children scheduled for craniotomy, aged 3 y-14 y and ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ were randomly divided into two groups (n=30): Dex group (group D) and control group (group C). At the beginning of closing the dura mater, Dex was administered eith initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 15 min, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.6 μg·kg-1·h-1 until the end of surgery in group D, and same volume of normal saline infusion was given in group C. Hreat rate, mean arterial pressure, complications of circulation and the administration of vasoactive drugs were recorded during the Dex infusion. Respiratory recovery and complications were assessed every 15 min after the patients get to postanesthesia care unit(PACU) until 60 min. Results Heart rate(HR) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) of group D [(95±17), (91±18), (87±16) bpm, (78±14), (76±16), (72±15) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)] were significantly lower than group C [(118±19), (105±18), (98±16) bpm, (94±16), (89±15), (82±14) mmHg] at 1, 3, 5 min after extubation (P<0.01). The incidences of airway obstruction and breathholding of group D were also significantly lower than group C during the extubation period, as(0 vs 18%, P<0.05) and (0 vs 50%, P<0.01). Conclusions Dex infusion before the end of surgery can be safely administered in children undergoing craniotomy and provides more stable respiratory and hemodynamic conditions during the extubation period.

Key words: Dexmedetomidine; Children; Craniotomy; Safety