Background Surgery remains a mainstay of treatment for malignant tumours. However, surgical stress response increases the likelihood of cancer dissemination and metastasis during and after cancer surgery. Accumulated basis and clinical data indicate that anesthetics and anesthetic techniques could potentially affect the risk of recurrence and metastases . Objective Finding out the beneficial anesthetic solution to long-term consequence applied in oncology surgery. Content This article reviews the influence on the long-term prognosis for individuals with malignant tumours, of the common anesthetics and anesthetic techniques, and the pathophysiological mechanisms for this. Trend As well as regional anesthesia, Midazolam, Propofol, Etomidate, Tramadol, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Remifentanil, Sufentanil can decrease negative consequences associated with perioperative immunosuppression, which may be the optimal anesthesia scheme.