Background： As an pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 not only plays an important role in innate immune system, but also mediates a myriad of central nervous system pathologies including chronic pain. Objective：The major objective of this review is to detect the effect of TLR4 in the mechanisms of neuropathic pain development. Content： The review gave a brief introduction about the neuropathic pain, TLR4 and the possible mechanism of TLR4 involved in neuropathic pain. Trend： The TLR4 pathway may be a potential target for the remission and treatment of neuropathic pain.