国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2016, Issue (3): 10-10
    
股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术患者术后镇痛效果的Meta分析
张扬, 黄天丰, 王存金, 方向志, 高巨1()
1.扬州大学临床医学院
Effectiveness of femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis
 全文:
摘要:

目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术(TKA)患者术后的镇痛效果。方法 检索Pubmed、OVID、EMBASE、Cochrane 图书馆,检索时间从建库至2014年11月。收集在TKA术后使用股神经阻滞镇痛(FNB)与患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)或患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的临床随机对照试验(RCT)。采用Cochrane协作网系统评价法评价纳入文献的质量,采用RevMan5.2软件进行Meta分析评价。结果 共纳入14项研究,包括1157例患者,其中FNB组616例,PCIA组380例,PCEA组161例。与PCIA组相比,FNB有效减少了患者术后24h(WMD=-17.93, 95%CI -27.38~-8.49)及48h (WMD=-25.70, 95%CI -41.67~-9.74)的吗啡累计消耗量,降低患者术后24h活动时视觉模拟评分(WMD=-1.99, 95%CI -3.14~-0.85)。且FNB组患者术后恶心呕吐(OR=0.31,95%CI 0.22~0.44)、尿潴留(OR=0.24,95%CI 0.13~0.43)及头晕的发生率(OR=0.27,95%CI 0.14~0.52)都较低。结论 相比PCIA及PCEA,FNB可能是TKA患者术后镇痛的一种更好的选择。

关键词: 全膝关节置换术;股神经阻滞;镇痛; Meta分析
Abstract:

Objective To compare the efficacy of femoral nerve block(FNB) with epidural and patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Methods We searched the PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, Cochrane library, for all randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about the efficacy of FNB versus epidural or PCA .The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.2 software. Results We identified 14 RCTs finally, which compared FNB with epidural or PCA. In these studies, there were 1,157 patients in total, of whom 616 patients received femoral nerve block, 380 patients received PCA and 161 patients received epidural analgesia. FNB was found to reduce morphine consumption at 24h (WMD=-17.93,95%CI -27.38~-8.49) and at 48h (WMD=-25.70,95%CI -41.67~-9.74),VAS scores with activity at 48h(WMD=-1.99,95%CI -3.14~-0.85) when it is compared with PCA. In addition, FNB was found to reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(OR=0.31,95%CI 0.22~0.44), retention of urine(OR=0.24,95%CI 0.13~0.43) and dizziness(OR=0.27,95%CI 0.14~0.52). Conclusion Compared with PCA or epidural analgesia, FNB may be a better alternative analgesia technology for the patients who underwent TKA.

Key words: total knee arthroplasty; femoral nerve block; analgesia; Meta-analysia