【Abstract】Background Dexmedetomidine(Dex) is a novel and highly selective a2-adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic and antisympathetic properties. It is applied widely in clinic and tends to be diversified on administration rout. Objective To review and summarize the relevant studies and to discuss the application prospect of Dex on administration rout. Content We elucidate the safety of Dex and the influence of local anesthetic effect on spinal canal, peripheral nerve and intra-articular. In addition, we also evaluate the safety and validity of drug delivery by intravenous, oral, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous, intranasal and rectal Dex. Trend Dex has a broad prospect in clinical application because of diversity on administration rout.