Abstract: AIM: To compare the incidence of emergence agitation in paediatric patients with indirect hernia under sevoflurane anaesthesia with caudal block.. METHODS: Eighty American Society of Anaesthesiologists I and II paediatric patients who were scheduled for high ligation for indirect inguinal hernia were divided into two groups randomly. Patients in the caudal block group were administrated the caudal block after the induction.and were maintained with sevoflurane. Patients in the fentanyl group were maintained with fentanyl and sevoflurane. Heart rate(HR)，Mean artery pressure(MAP) and Percutaneous Oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded before anesthesia(T1), after anesthesia induction(T2), endotracheal intubation(T3), 5 minute after endotracheal intubation(T4), skin incision(T5), 5 minutes（T6）and 30 minutes(T7) in the recovery room. The endotracheal extubation time and the incidence rate of agitation were also calculated. RESULTS: The extubation time (15.90±8.73VS12.03±6.47) was prolonged significantly when group fentanyl compared with group caudal block; The score and the incidence of emergence agitation of in the group fentanyl was higher than the caudal group . The heart rate and the mean artery pressure were higher than the caudal group at the 5 (119.48±9.55 VS 110.33±7.81；100.38±6.07 VS 93.03±11.43)and the 30 minutes (118.20±11.58 VS 108.93±10.25;101.30±10.50 VS 94.88±12.97) in the recovery room (P<0.05). There were no difference between the two groups at any times. CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane anaesthesia combined with caudal block can reduced the incidence of emergence agitation in paediatric patients with indirect hernia.