Background ALI(acute lung injury,ALI) is characterized by severe hypoxemia, diffuse pulmonary infiltration and increased pulmonary microvascular permeability accompanied by pulmonary edema. Untill the present moment, the main pathogenesis underlying ALI is the imbalance of inflammation reaction and release of abundant proinflammatory factor. PPARγ(Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor) is the superfamily member of nuclear receptor transcription factor. PPARγ(Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-gama) belong to a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily, which regulate the expression of its target genes and are mainly expressed on adipose tissue,macrophages as well as other fat- storing cells. Objective Introduction PPAR pathway involved in protection against acute lung injury. Content PPARγ can downregulate the activity of apoptosis inhibitory factor NF-κB and possesses extensive anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, recent researches have discoveried that PPARγtakes an important role in protection against ALI. Trend Provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of acute lung injury.