【Abstract】Background It is difficult to treat neuropathic pain, because it is not only affected by nerve damage, but also affected by the secondary damage related to the injury .Histone deace tylase inhibitor( HDACI) is clinically proved to have the function of emotion stablization, it is also related to the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory.HDACI, however, the specific mechanism is not clear. Objective To explore the mechanism of histone acetylation/deacetylase in neuropathic pain.Content This article reviewed the effect of HDACI in neuropathic pain and its clinical application,emphatically discussed the nerve protective and anti-inflammatory effects. Trend HDACI has great prospect in the treatment of neuropathic pain.However, the specific mechanism of HDACI is not clear. The mechanism of its role in nerve protection and regression still needs further resesrch .