Background　Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, it is characterized by protein accumulation and neuronal loss in specific brain areas. Masses of evidence showed that general anesthetics could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) and mitochondrial dysfunction, while AD is closely related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.　Objective　To explore the role of general anesthetic induced ERS, mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.　Content　This review discusses the role of ERS, the relationship between ER-mitochondrial dysfunction and general anesthetics in the pathogenesis of AD.　Trend　ERS, mitochondrial dysfunction, the connection between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria has been the vital therapeutic target for AD, and it also provides a new idea for the reasonable selection and compatibility of general anesthetics.