Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of reduction of serum Substance P with perioperative adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Method: 44 cases of patients with cholecystectomy were divided into control group (C group) and diabetes mellitus group (DM group). There were 22 cases in each group. general situation（age、sex、ASA、weight、blood lipid、creatinine etc）before operation, blood glucose、heart rhythm、heart rate、blood pressure 、electrocardiogram changes、operation time and fluid volume etc during operation in each group were recorded. The contents of SP in pre-operation, end-operation and cTnI in pre-operation, 24h after-operation were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Result: Compared with the control group, the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic group patients during cholecystectomy perioperative period was higher (P<0.05); compared with the control group, the contents of serum SP at pre-operation, end-operation were lower (P<0.05), while , the contents of serum cTnI at pre-operation, 24h after-operation were higher (P<0.05) in diabetic group patients; compared with the non-adverse cardiovascular event (NACVE) patients , the contents of SP in the adverse cardiovascular event (ACVE) patients were lower (P<0.05). Conclusion: The reduction of serum SP may be associated with the perioperative adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.