Abstract: 1.Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction( POCD) is cognitive dysfunction syndrome happening to anesthetization and post operation. POCD damages the quality of their life and increases their postoperative mortality.Many studies have shown Shenfu injection can protect the brain, which could reduce incidence of POCD. 2.Objective To summarize the factors affecting the pathogenesy of POCD and the effects of Shenfu injection on the old people. 3.Contents There are many factors influencing POCD in elderly people, including hemodynamics,inflammation, metabolism and their existing diseases. The clinical study haven’t assure the exact pathogenesy of the PODC. Some studies show Shenfu injection can protect the elderly patients’ brain and reduce the incidence of POCD. 4.Tendency The elderly patients are high risk population of having PODC. After surgery, operation, anesthetization, the preoperative factors and other kinds of reasons can easily cause brain damage, no matter long-term or short-term. The effects of Shenfu injection to POCD in elderly patients still needs more randomized controlled trials.