Background　Chemotherapy drugs have been more and more frequently used in cancer treatment. In addition to controlling cancer growth, these drugs exert strong toxic and side?蛳effects. Chemotherapy?蛳induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN) is one of the most common adverse reactions. The major manifestations include sensory, motor and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Some patients are also suffered from neuropathic pain.　Objective　To review the clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms underlying CIPN.　Content Currently available chemotherapy drugs, including Taxanes, platinum chemotherapy drugs, and vincristine, cause diverse dysfunctions in sensory, motor, and autonomous systems, with diversified severity. These symptoms may be associated with the detrimental actions of chemotherapy drugs on mitochondrial, ion channels, neuroinflammation, and the structures of peripheral nerves. CIPN has been treated with drugs that could reverse the above-mentioned dysfunctions. But further studies are required to develop new drugs to achieve ideal therapeutic efficacy.　Trend　Prescribers of chemotherapy drugs should be aware of CIPN. Although the mechanisms of CIPN remain elusive, efforts are demanded to control its symptoms and improve its prognosis.