Background　Postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) is a common complication after surgery, which is affected by various factors. In the clinical setting, different antiemetics are introduced to decrease the incidence of PONV, with unsatisfactory efficacy. Response to these agents varies.　Objective　To explore the effects of gene polymorphism on PONV, so as to provide early warning for the incidence of PONV.　Contents　Multiple gene polymorphisms are associated with PONV, some of which influence on the efficacy of antiemetics.　Trend　Several genes with PONV susceptibility genes have been discovered so far, which may improve the prevention and treatment of PONV through individualized therapy based on the different genotypes.