Background Undoubtedly, hospitalisation and surgery are a difficult experience for children and their parents. The lack of appropriately provided information about anesthesia and the operation increases anxiety and uncertainty. Increased preoperative anxiety, as well as postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting have been proven to be associated with negative outcomes of surgery. Objective Besides showing sincere empathy, pediatric anesthesiologists should know strategies to reduce perioperative stress in children and their families. Content We define preoperative anxiety, along with affecting factors and consequences. Likewise, psychological approach is discussed in this paper. Trend It is important to understand the psychological consequences and to improve communication resources associated with the perioperative period in order to help children and parents cope with emotional stress.