Background　Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of common life-threatening complications following liver transplantation, the large difference in incidence reported may be due to the wide disparity in the criteria used to define AKI following liver transplantation.　Objective　The purpose of this review is to discuss recent development in early diagnosis of AKI following liver transplantation, and for positive prevention and early treatment of AKI following liver transplantation.　Content　Here we review the common diagnostic criteria, risk factors and possible newly diagnostic biomarkers of AKI following liver transplantation.　Trend　Serum creatinine(Scr) is still used as the most common biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI. Some newly reported markers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and Cystatin C (Cys-C), may replace Scr and become ideal target for early diagnosis of AKI.