Background　Good lung compliance is a necessary condition to maintain perioperative respiratory function. Along with scientific research and clinical trials on the lung compliance, the influence of many factors on lung compliance in perioperative period are attracting more and more people's attention.　Objective　To summarize the related literature about the influence factors of lung compliance during perioperative period.　Content　This paper demonstrates the influence factors of lung compliance during perioperative period from several aspects, such as anesthesia methods, anesthetics, ventilator settings, body position, special type of surgery and patients' factors.　Trend　Lung compliance is an important index of pulmonary function and study on the influences of lung compliance during anesthesia are great significant to assessment of lung protection during operation and postoperative reduction of respiratory system injury preoperative patients.