背景 机械通气（mechanical ventilation, MV）作为危重患者发生呼吸功能衰竭时主要的抢救技术，现已广泛用于临床，但随之发生的机械通气相关性肺损伤（ventilator induced lung injury, VILI）却严重影响了患者预后。除机械因素造成的肺部损伤外，肺部炎症反应参与的肺生物伤，促进了肺损伤向全身炎症反应综合征（systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS）的进展。高迁移率族蛋白1/Toll样受体（high-mobility group box protein 1/toll-like receptors, HMGB1/TLRs）信号通路通过调节各种炎症因子的表达来介导炎症的级联反应，从而启动早期炎症，促进炎症晚期进展，同时参与内毒素血症致死的中间病理过程。 目的 了解 HMGB1/TLRs及其在VILI中的研究现状。 内容 介绍HMGB1/TLRs信号通路的研究现状、作用机制等研究进展。 趋向 HMGB1/TLRs在VILI介导的肺生物性损伤中参与了炎症反应的发生发展，同时，作为VILI的一个潜在的治疗靶点受到大量关注，该通路相关的临床研究，还有待进一步研究和关注。
Background Mechanical ventilation(MV), as the main rescue technique for critical patients with respiratory failure, has been widely used in clinical practice. But ventilator induced lung injury(VILI) has seriously affected the prognosis of patients. In addition to the lung injury caused by mechanical factors, lung inflammation is involved in VILI, which promotes the progression of VILI to systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS). High-mobility group box protein 1/toll-like receptors(HMGB1/TLRs) signaling pathway, regulating the expression of various inflammatory factors to mediate inflammatory cascade reaction, ultimately initiates early inflammation, promotes inflammation advanced, and participates in the pathological process of lethal endotoxemia. Objective To understand HMGB1/TLRs and its research status in VILI. Content This paper introduces the current status, and mechanism. Trend HMGB1/TLRs signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence and development of inflammatory response in VILI. Meanwhile, it has received a lot of attention as a potential therapeutic target for VILI. The clinical research of this signaling pathway deserves further research.
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